The Relationship Between Number Sense and Problem Solving free essay sample

An examination of the relationships between teaching and learning styles, and the number sense and problem solving ability of Year 7 students Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Jemmy Emmanuel Georges Louange BEd Honours (Mathematics Education), Sussex University, UK Principal Supervisor: Dr. Jack Bana School of Education Faculty of Education and Arts Edith Cowan University Perth Western Australia July 2007 Use of Thesis This thesis is the property of Edith Cowan University. However, the literary rights of the author must also be respected. If any passage from this thesis is quoted or closely paraphrased in a paper or written work prepared by the user, the source of the passage must be acknowledged in the work. If the user desires to publish a paper or written work containing passages copied or closely paraphrased from this thesis, which passages would in total constitute an infringing copy of the purpose of the Copyright Act, he or she must first obtain the written permission of the author to do so. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Number Sense and Problem Solving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page i Acknowledgements This might be the longest dedication ever seen in any thesis, but once it is known what I have been through, and that mine has been an incredible journey, it would be very easy to understand the rationale behind thanking all those people and dedicating this thesis to them. Moreover, I firmly believe that a man is a product of the contributions of all those who have left an impression on him, and the following people have influenced me in various ways. First and foremost I wish to thank Jesus Christ who empowered and cared for me through the following people. A big thank you goes to my Principal Supervisor, Dr Jack Bana, for his help, encouragement and patience. You managed to guide me and stood up for me even when my eyesight was nearly gone. You have been more than understanding and excellent! I extend loads of appreciation to Professor Lelia Green for making possible the impossible. In a time when everything could have gone wrong for me, you did some marvellous things. Thanks to Professor Mark Hackling for his invaluable remarks and corrections, and Dr Paul Swan for some very useful tips. My gratitude is expressed towards Linda Jaunzems for reformatting the work at a time when it seemed impossible to do so. My sincere appreciation is expressed towards my longsuffering and understanding wife Ruth and my five children, namely Manuella, Tyron, Omeara, Ezekiel and Elijah for putting up with my below par performance as a father, as I tried to balance family life and my studies. I endured till the end due to the legacy of my father Freddy Louis-Marie and my mother Raymonde Louis-Marie who taught me never to give up and to always rely on the Lord. Nancy Barbe, if there are other caring people like you in this world then they must be very few; what you did to help us goes beyond human comprehension. The same goes for Eugene, Rachel, Sharol and Gilver Louise, Michel Edmond and Barbara Souffe; you are really wonderful. Antonia and Sonny Legaie, even when you did not have much you still managed to provide for me and my family; thank you is just not enough to show our appreciation of what you have done for us. Michel and Yvonne Servina, space is insufficient within which to write the good things you have done for us; you are just two incredible people. Des Murphy and Patrice Cooke, you know that without you around I definitely would have had to give up; thanks for making the impossible happen. Bernardin Renaud, you could be a high status person but you still treat me as a brother, and what you did was just marvellous. To my brother, friend and mentor Alex and Brenda Souffe, and my sister Odile Jean-Louis; the pages of this thesis are not enough upon which to write ii bout how precious you are to me. Without you I doubt that I would have reached a successful end. To my wonderfully generous and caring sister in Law Tacey Derjacques and husband Keven Furneau, and my unforgettable mother in law Martha Derjacques; I am blessed to have you in my life, for you are responsible for so many incredible things in our lives. To my sister Stella Leeming, Antoine, Debra and Sandra Laporte; for being there all the time. The following people gave of themselves, their time and effort to support me n any way possible: Marie-Helen Dubois, Jacques L’etourdie, Bernard and Doreen Arnephy, Michael Laporte, Audrey Zelia, Lymiah Bibi, Huguette and Rodney Cohen, Mariana Collie, Grace Barbe, Raymond De Silva, Viorel and Petronella Haidau, Sandra Mathiot, Sandra Botsoi, Joel and Shirley De Commarmond, Jacqueline Ladouc e and Peter Garlett, Luan Ladouce, Alain and Julia Dingwall, John and Philomena Bradley, Shirley Choppy, Steven Larue, Betty Dick, Philippa Larue and Jocyntha Sophola; how could you people who already had nothing still manage to give so much? Giovana Neves even when you were far away you still cared for me; you are great. Without the help of Mrs Jane Denis I would never have done this PhD. Doug Reid and Stewart Campbell; you were always present to help in any way you could. Paul Halfpenny, where would I have been without your invaluable help? To my brother Saunders Rose; you have encouraged me from start to finish! The following people were involved in transcription, correction and double checking of data; Marie-Helene Dubois (Main transcriber), Melina Barra and Chayada Danuwong (Coding check), Juliette Cecile, Zelda Jean-Louis, Fiona Henriette, Sandra Mathiot, Enda Gilbert, Shirley Julie, and Jimmy Hibonne (Second Marker). To Kurt Fischer and Shaun Wellborne-Wood for help with Adobe Illustrator work. The following people have shown me love and support in times when it seemed that my world would crumble around me. Some were instrumental in just being there as a friend or family member. Others constantly kept in contact with me to encourage me, while some provided financial and/or other support. You know what you did and how I would not have survived without your priceless help.

Philo T. Farnsworth the father of television essays

Philo T. Farnsworth the father of television essays Philo T. Farnsworth II was born on august 19,1906 in Indian Creek, Utah. Philo was the oldest of five children. His parents were Serena Bastain and Lewis Edwin Farnsworth. Philo received his name from his grandfather Philo T. Farnsworth I. Although early in his childhood he lived with no electricity he was entertained bye having conversations with his father about inventions his father read about on a magazine. Later on he and his family moved to a farm in Idaho, this farm had its own power plant. Eventually Philo mastered the lighting system and was put in charge of it. It is said that it never ran smoother In 1920 Philo Farnsworth read in a magazine that inventors were attempting to transmit visual images bye mechanical means. It was then that young Farnsworth proposed that visual images could be transmitted electronically. He work for the next to years on developing a method of transmitting visual images electronically. Philo was convinced that this would be much better than mechanical means. In 1922 he came up with the basic design for the apparatus. Philo shared these designs with his high school chemistry teacher Justin Tolman. While working as a canvasser Philo became friends with a businessman bye the name of George Everson. George Everson and Leslie Gorrell invested 6,000 dollars. With additional backing from group of bankers Farnsworth was given a research lab in San Francisco and a year to prove his concepts. Philo married his wife Elma Pem Gardner on May 27,1926 the next day he left for San Francisco. On September 7,1927 Farnsworth gathered his friends and engineering colleagues and show them the first ever transmitted visual image. The image was of Philo Farnsworths wife and assistant. After his success went public RCA became aggressively competitive with Philo for control over the television market and challenged the patent for Philo television invention. It was ...

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Research Paper - 5

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies - Research Paper Example Similarly, mergers and acquisitions guide smaller and newer companies into adapting in the advanced industries that have larger companies often manipulating the market conditions of such industries. Merger and acquisitions is a restructure approach in the management of enterprises within an industry. In successful mergers, the companies involved employ techniques that enable them to reorganize their corporate and internal strategies to suit the value of the operations. Distinctively, the growth of globalization has largely influenced the need for businesses to embrace mergers and acquisition as a way to fit into the competitive international markets. Many companies have inadequate resources that enable them to venture into overseas markets, hence limiting their potential output and income respectively. In this case study, therefore, the paper will explain the role of mergers and acquisitions towards the growth of a brand in international markets. The energy industry is a mainstream contributor to the growth of any economy in the world. Many companies that deal with this lucrative commodity are often engaged in a series of adjustment processes that guarantee the survival of such companies in this competitive industry. Due to the increasing global pressure towards internationalization of various business entities, the merger and acquisition processes came into the picture to provide a stable supply of energy for the expansion of various business units. Therefore, between the year 1998 and the year 2001, major energy mergers were commissioned to oversee the improvement of efficiency in the provision of energy as per the requirements of the internationalized enterprises. The Exxon Mobil is a combination that involved the purchase of Mobil by Exxon in the year 1998. The strategy employed in this merger was the horizontal strategy that involved the acquisition of a foreign oil

Research and Comparing Documentaries Assignment

Research and Comparing Documentaries - Assignment Example Almost 90% of converted women agree that they can dress more conservatively and feel more comfortable with the Hijab. They also give their reasons for conversion as the need to be close to God as they now pray 5 times a day3. Other related sources also show that a third of inmates in British jails are converting to Islam. According to Richard Eddie’s 4book â€Å"Black Muslims in Britain†, Malcolm X continues to influence most black men into Islam. Richard’s interviewees reveal that converts appreciate the law of Islam since the law has enabled them to live in the society considered as corrupt and moral. The most interesting stereotype about this religion is how it oppresses women. The religion targets most young men. Recent stories from media in Kenya reveal how the Al-Shabaab militia group recruits young men from East Africa to fight and protect their religion. In â€Å"Islam empire of state†, Islamic history and culture shows how the religion has made gr eat contribution in trade, education, scientific theorems, philosophy and medicine. The rapid conversion and growth of the Islam religion is resulting from rapid crusades conducted by Sheikhs. The crusades led to great civilization of the Islam religion in terms of economic and scientific discoveries made during the period of renaissance. According to 5 â€Å"what the west needs to know†, Islam is a peaceful religious group and those who fight do so to hide under the religion. The religion perceived as an authoritarian group not only emphasizes that there is no other God but Allah and his prophet Mohamed6. Most of the people targeted by these documentaries are the youth’s especially young men7. The â€Å"divine woman† by Bettany Hugdes reveals how Buddhism started with a female. In this documentary, a woman goddess controls life and death. The Durga Puja festival shows the organization of the Hindu religion. Use of art and culture with paintings on the skin of I ndian women reveals how important a female is within the religion. The construction and design of the temples brings out rich creativity and architectural work in this religion. The documentaries quote the Quran stating the reason as to why the religion is conflict linked and war bound. The Quran states that one should fight for his own faith. Mohamed himself plays a war oriented leadership role according to his history from Mecca hence the continuous perception of Muslim religion as a conflict religion. The usual suicide bombing and attacks originates from Judaism symbolically fighting paganism. From the documentary â€Å"what the west needs to know†, Quran and hadiths encourage the killing of non-Muslims. From the background history of Mohamed, it is evident that he spread his territory through war and his followers did the same to conquer Mecca a city where he was born. Background music used in the documentaries emphasizes the religion. A lot of art 8 observed in the docum entaries show the culture of the religion. The style of presentation of the documentaries is both educational and formal. Islam religion is widely publicized and therefore the documentaries try to educate the public on the religion9. The great contribution of Islam into modern civilization and various fields of study such as philosophy, medicine, and trade make the documentaries educative. We also observe the speeches from several leaders used to emphasize the religion. Quotations from the Quran are also

Legal opinion for formation of a public company Coursework

Legal opinion for formation of a public company - Coursework Example Before the company starts its business, it must have allotted shares whose minimum value should be at least 50, 000 pounds. A quarter of the shares should be paid up; this amounts to ?12, 500. For each of the allotted shares, up to the last quarter of its nominal value has to be paid up as well as any premium (Companies House, 2012). The other procedure in the formation of a public company includes the choosing of directors of the company. Several requirements have to be followed when choosing the company directors. One of the requirements is that the person should not be disqualified by law from becoming a director or be bankrupt. The maximum age of directors that was previously seventy years has been removed. During the formation of the company, the minimum age required for company directors is sixteen years. The directors of the company should then select few names (four) that are suitable enough and indicate the company’s objective (Companies House, 2012). One of the four names selected will become the main name while the three others have to be mentioned in their order of preference. The directors should then make an application to the registrar of companies to ascertain whether the selected names are appropriate. Once the names go through, the next step includes the drafting of the memorandum of associations and articles of association. The authorized share capital of the proposed public company should then be declared and be in line with the minimum paid up capital required in forming a public company. The next step involves filing a declaration and attaching the statement in lieu of the prospectus. Once the company is through with these steps, it will obtain a certificate that will enable it to commence business. Shares will be floated through an initial public offering, which states the price per share and the minimum and maximum number of shares that can be held by shareholders (Companies House, 2012). How the courts distinguish between contrac ts of service and contracts for services and the importance of this distinction. The law distinguishes between a contract of service and a contract for services. A contract of service refers to an agreement, which may either be verbal or written, implied or expressed. In this contract, a person makes an agreement employ another person as an employee while the employed person makes an agreement to serve the employer. An example of a contract of service includes an apprenticeship agreement or contract. On the other hand, contracts for services refer to independent contractors and sub-contractors. In differentiating between a contract of service and contracts for services, courts apply such tests as integration and control (Barendrecht 2007, p. 151). The test of integration looks at the extent to which the work of the employee may be said to be integrated into business. The control test explores the question on whether the employer can tell the employee what they ought to do. Other tes ts applied by the courts in the distinction between contracts of services and contracts for services include mixed or multiple tests. These tests question whether the agreement or engagement has wages, holiday pay, and sick pay. The courts state that these tests ask whether PAYE and PRSI are deducted. According to the courts, these multiple and mixed tests should also look at whether

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies Amber Pegg Does NKY have the Most Effective Treatments Available? A Review of the Literature Drugs and alcohol have increased in acceptability over the years in the United States. Individuals use these drugs for mood alterations and medicinal purposes. Society is surprisingly very unaware of the epidemic that is occurring right under their noses. Annually, illicit drug abuse cost in average $181 billion dollars. (Office of National Drug Policy, 2010) Addiction and dependency both play an extreme role in the increase of use and both are extremely misunderstood. During the year 2013 21.6 million individuals were classified with Substance Dependence/Addiction (Administration, 2013). With addiction on the rise in North America it has been recognized as a public health crisis that is extremely multidimensional and complex. (Larkin, 2006) Drug addiction is classified as an actual disorder according to the medical association. Studies have began to show that genetics may indeed be a part of addiction. These studies are showing genetics may cause susceptibility to addiction in an individual. (Erickson, 2001) Drug addiction is classified into three groups; the first being preoccupation and anticipation, the second being binge and intoxication, and finally the third is withdrawal and negative effect. Those stages are described as, preoccupation with using the substance, constant cravings, using more than necessary, and experiencing tolerance. Addiction is having a severe craving for a substance. This generally also implies that a great deal of attention is devoted to the activity and interferes with the individual’s daily routine. Frank Tallis writes â€Å"At first, addiction is maintained by pleasure. But the intensity of this pleasure gradually diminishes and the addiction is then maintained by the avoidance of pain.† Dependency is said to be the compulsion to use drugs to experience psychological or physical effects. To be considered drug dependent you must have three characteristics; First they must exhibit tolerance, which happens after the body becomes familiarized to the drug, second they must show habituation, this is continuing to have the desire to use the drug after the physical need has ended, and lastly addiction this normally means a great deal of attention is devoted to this activity. In both addiction and dependence the primary goal of an individual suffering from these is simply to attain and use the substance. Commonly used drugs are often categorized into six groups, opioids, sedative-hypnotic, stimulant, hallucinogens, cannabis, and inhalants. In the Northern Kentucky area there are certain drugs that are more prone than others. These include but are not limited to, stimulants, opioids, cannabis and hallucinogens. Opioids include heroine and methadone. Heroin was introduced in 1898 as a cough suppressant, which depresses neural functioning. Heroin use has shifted within populations; literature shows that it was mostly low income minorities as to now where middle class Caucasians are the most prevalent users. (Cleero, 2014) The majority of opiates reduce anxiety and pain for a short period of time. Most heroin users will have the need for larger amount to get the â€Å"fix† but for some, overdose occur and death is the ultimate price. In 2011 heroin alone accounted for 16% of all admissions to treatment facilities. (services, 2012) The most common stimulant abused is known as cocai ne. Cocaine is a crystallized white powder, convenient for snorting. Stimulants increase alertness, decrease the need for sleep and often suppress the feeling of being hungry. This makes it very marketable to college students. Cannabis is often described as a natural drug and is often in debate as to whether it should be classified as something addictive. Marijuana has been cultivated for over 5000 years. THC can produce several effects Marijuana has the effect of relaxation and could give someone the perception of slowing time. What Are the Varying Types of Treatments available? Across the United States there are several treatment types available to those who suffer from substance abuse. Addiction treatments vary due to the complexity of the disease. Individuals may benefit from rapid treatments or they may need treatments that in other terms work to cure and take longer amounts of time and effort. (Riessman).In the last 30 years, there has been significant progress in the development and validation of psychosocial treatments for substance abuse and dependence, with a predominant focus on the validation of cognitive behavioral treatments (Dutra Lissa Stathopoulou, 2008) The office of Drug and Crime reported in 2012, â€Å" expressed in monetary terms, some $200-250 billion dollars would be needed to cover all cost related to drug treatment worldwide; less than 1 in 5 that need treatment will actually receive it. (Publication, 2012). Factors such as treatment length and intensity of individuals play a role into the success of treatment but studies have proven that there is a link between the two. (Finny, 1996) The following information will focus on the most dominant and relevant to NKY. With medically assisted treatment on the rise it has quickly become one of the most popular and user â€Å"friendly† though controversy over drug substitution has arisen within the treatment community (Kleber, 2008). Mattick wrote â€Å"Medically assisted treatments are more appealing than typical drug free approaches.† (Mattick, 2009) With the up rise in heroin and opioid use these treatments will continue to grow. Medically assisted treatments normally consist of one of three drugs to help intervene within the withdrawal and detox phase; Methadone, Suboxone, and Buprenorphine. Each of the three are considered to be moderately effective. There are drop in clinics that will supply the medication and are considerably accessible to communities. Medically assisted treatments can potentially cause addictiveness to the treatment itself. According to the SAMHSA data collected more than 300,000 individuals received medically assisted treatment in 2011. (Treatments for Substanc e Abuse Disorders, 2014) The National Institution on Drug Abuse classifies Detoxification and Withdrawal as the most common process. (NIDA, 2009)Detoxification is the allowance of the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal. (NIDA, 2009) Each treatment process must begin with the detoxification and withdrawal stages. An often misconception of these two are that while they are processes within each treatment they alone are not considered treatment, one must have follow up. There are several forms of counseling and therapy available to those in need. This ranges from individual, group, psychotherapy, couples, family, open and closed meetings. These sessions are available through insurances and some are right in an individual’s own community. These groups and sessions are great means for resources, networking and general support. Literature reads that cognitive behavioral therapy for substance abuse has been deemed effective; both in combination treatment and monotherapy. (Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 2009). Cognitive and Behavioral treatment programs are focused on a short term approach. Motivational Interviewing and CBT are both evidence based treatments that continue to make strides in the treatment industry, (McHugh, 2010) Lastly, Inpatient and Outpatient rehabilitation. These facilities are structured similarly yet have extreme differences. While an individual is attending an inpatient center they are at the center 24 hours a day, each day. They will see therapist and doctors routinely for a minimum of 28 days. Outpatient facilities still routinely have therapist and doctors with their clients but they are able to return home in the evenings and be part of their normal routine. This also keeps them accessible to whatever the addiction may be. These programs allow individuals to use self autonomy in which treatment facility they feel would best suit them. Many would argue that outpatient is less affective when in fact studies have shown that there is little to no difference in outcomes between the two. (Moos, 1995) Steven Gifford included in his description of inpatient and outpatient unsettling statistics from NIDA; 23.2 billion individuals required treatment for substance abuse in 2013, only 2.4 bill ion were treated by some sort of drug rehabilitation. (NIDA, 2009) Gaps Included in the Literature The amount of literature readily assessable in regards to drug abuse and treatments available is incredible. There is an abundance of knowledge about the topic with reasonable resources at ones fingertips. We know that individuals who suffer from substance abuse are likely to choose a treatment that fits best to their needs and addiction but also at the convenience to themselves and their families. Finances and insurance can also impact ones decision to certain treatment programs. As to the question, Does NKY have the most effective treatments available the literature does not go into depth enough in geographical terms. There are many treatment options available but whether they are geographically reasonable to the rural and lower income are that is left unanswered. The statistics and information in very broad to the general. Though we know there are treatments in NKY area the question of are they the most effective continues to go unanswered. Works Cited Administration, S. A. (2013). Retrieved March 15, from www.drugwarfacts.com: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2013SummNatFindDetTables/NationalFindin#sthash.snuPjFav.dpuf Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies. (2009). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment with Adult alcohol and Illicit drug users. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , 516-527. Cleero, T. E. (2014). The changing Face of Heroin. Journal of the American Medical Association , 71 (17), 821-826. Dutra Lissa, P., Stathopoulou, G. (2008). A Meta-Analytic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Substance Use Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 179-187. Erickson, S. W.-M. (2001). Drug abuse and addiction Research. Journal of the American Pharmacist Association , 41 (1). Finny, M. a. (1996). A qualitative synthesis of patient, research design and treatment. Explaining Abstinence rates following Treatment , pp. 787-785. Kleber, H. D. (2008). Methadone Maintenance 4 decades later. American Medical Association , 2303-2305. Larkin, M. W. (2006). Towards addiction as relationship. Addictions research and theory , 207-215. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. McHugh, R. a. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 511-525. Moos, R. P. (1995). Three models of Community residential Care. Journal of Substance Abuse , 99-116. NIDA. (2009). Treatment. Retrieved March 30, 2015, from NIDA: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction Office of National Drug Policy. (2010, December). Retrieved April 11, 20145, from National Criminal Justice Reference System: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=255037 Publication, U. N. (2012). World Report. Retrieved April 2015, from Office on Drugs and Crime. Riessman, F. C. (n.d.). Social Policy. 27 (2), pp. 36-46. services, N. A. (2012). Center for behavioral health statistics and quality. Retrieved 4 5, 15, from http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment Treatments for Substance Abuse Disorders. (2014, 10 16). Retrieved March 2015, from SAMHSA: http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment/substance-use-disorders

Age and Category Blocked Presentation :: essays research papers

Introduction The effect of age and category-blocked and random presentation on free recall and clustering is an important aspect of learning. Learning is a basic foundation of cognitive development. From the many aspects of learning, what we do to learn (the process) and what we learn (the outcome) are of great importance. From the day a child is born, she is exposed to a variety of stimuli; some of which she will pay attention to, others she will not. From those things which require her attention, she will either sort the information or compare it with what she already knows.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a previous study, Kail (1990) found that children memory capacity develop†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It appears that individuals are able to recall items when they are categorically grouped (Lucariello & Nelson, 1985). There is evidence that age and presentation order has an affect on free recall (Yoshimura, Moely, & Shapiro, 1971). Memory/Recall Presentation Method Hypothesis The ability to learn new things and recall information is an important developmental task. As in the case of physical abilities, the appears to be a peak age for mental abilities. In examining the processes of memory, how the information is organized and presented has been of great discussion.. In another study of free recall and clustering, Moely and Shapiro (1971) found â€Å"clustering increased with age, but only with block presentation; and clustering was higher for the category blocked condition than for any other condition† (p. 490). Method Participants Ten children of kindergartener age and ten adults, ranging in age of 18-35 will participate in the study. The adults will be recruited through class announcements (Dr. Appleby’s B105) and email notifications (B346). The kindergartners will be recruited from the IUPUI Child Development Center. There will be consent forms given to the parents of the kindergartners and the adults will be asked to complete a consent form. Materials 23 black and white drawings of common items will be used (3 practice cards and 20 test items). The items are from common categories (food, toys, furniture, vehicles, body parts). The drawings will be mounted on 3 X 3 inch cards. We will use an individual data sheet to record the responses of each participant. Procedures Half of the participants in each age group will be presented with the pictures in block order; half are presented the pictures in random order. The experimenter will present the 20 items on at a time, along with a verbal label. The participant will repeat the verbal label after viewing each item. Age and Category Blocked Presentation :: essays research papers Introduction The effect of age and category-blocked and random presentation on free recall and clustering is an important aspect of learning. Learning is a basic foundation of cognitive development. From the many aspects of learning, what we do to learn (the process) and what we learn (the outcome) are of great importance. From the day a child is born, she is exposed to a variety of stimuli; some of which she will pay attention to, others she will not. From those things which require her attention, she will either sort the information or compare it with what she already knows.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a previous study, Kail (1990) found that children memory capacity develop†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It appears that individuals are able to recall items when they are categorically grouped (Lucariello & Nelson, 1985). There is evidence that age and presentation order has an affect on free recall (Yoshimura, Moely, & Shapiro, 1971). Memory/Recall Presentation Method Hypothesis The ability to learn new things and recall information is an important developmental task. As in the case of physical abilities, the appears to be a peak age for mental abilities. In examining the processes of memory, how the information is organized and presented has been of great discussion.. In another study of free recall and clustering, Moely and Shapiro (1971) found â€Å"clustering increased with age, but only with block presentation; and clustering was higher for the category blocked condition than for any other condition† (p. 490). Method Participants Ten children of kindergartener age and ten adults, ranging in age of 18-35 will participate in the study. The adults will be recruited through class announcements (Dr. Appleby’s B105) and email notifications (B346). The kindergartners will be recruited from the IUPUI Child Development Center. There will be consent forms given to the parents of the kindergartners and the adults will be asked to complete a consent form. Materials 23 black and white drawings of common items will be used (3 practice cards and 20 test items). The items are from common categories (food, toys, furniture, vehicles, body parts). The drawings will be mounted on 3 X 3 inch cards. We will use an individual data sheet to record the responses of each participant. Procedures Half of the participants in each age group will be presented with the pictures in block order; half are presented the pictures in random order. The experimenter will present the 20 items on at a time, along with a verbal label. The participant will repeat the verbal label after viewing each item.

Wedding Ceremony

Statement of Intention Pastor Price- We are gathered here today in the presence of these witnesses, to join Jennifer Anastasia Julia Littleton and Rodney Stewart Sterry II in holy matrimony. This rite of marriage in which you now come to be united is the first and most blessed tradition of mankind. A union setting forth such an ideal is not to be entered into hastily or without due consideration, but reverently, discretely, advisedly and in the sight of God. I require and charge you both that the vows you take this day are sacred above words, and that your lives hereafter shall be bound together unbreakably.For the security of your marriage will not rest in the rite or ritual of any Church, nor in the words of any pastor or priest. The security of your marriage will lie in the true character of your soul, in the steadfastness of your devotion, and in the love you posses in your heart. Giving of the Bride Pastor Price- Doubly blessed is the couple which comes to the marriage altar wit h the approval and blessings of their families and friends. Who has the honor of presenting this woman to this man? Michael Littleton- I doPastor Price- If any person can show just cause why these two shall not be joined together let them speak now or forever hold their peace. Sermon Pastor Price- In 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 the Apostle Paul beautifully guides us in the underlying meaning of love. Paul tells us that: love is patient and love is kind. It is not jealous, boastful or proud. It is not rude, self-seeking, or easily angered. It keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices in the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails.Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things and endures all things. Rodney and Jennifer, as a couple you need to experience and understand the kind of love God has provided to keep your marriage vital, growing, and safe. The expressions of God’s love needed for a rock solid, invincible marriage are : †¢ Forgiving love – heals hurts and helps spouses feel accepted and connected †¢ Serving love – discovers and meets the needs and helps each other feel honored and understood †¢ Persevering love – stays strong in tough times and helps you both feel as bonded friends for life Guarding love – protects from threats and helps you both to feel safe and secure †¢ Celebrating love rejoices in the marriage relationship and helps you to feel cherished and captivated †¢ Renewing love refreshes and supports the marriage bond and helps you both to feel confident and rooted Rodney and Jennifer, the quality of love and the duration of your marriage will be in direct proportion to the depth of your commitment. May your love grow throughout the years and continue to be the expression of your commitment to each other. Remember – LOVE NEVER FAILSDeclaration of Consent Pastor Price- Rodney, will you have this woman to be you’re lawfully wedded wife, to live together according to God’s word in this holy estate of matrimony? Will you love her, comfort her, support her, honor her and keep her in sickness and in health; forsaking all others, keep yourself only to her, so long as you both shall live? Rodney Sterry- I will Pastor Price- And Jennifer, will you have this man to be you’re lawfully wedded husband, to live together according to God’s word in this holy estate of matrimony?Will you love him, comfort him, support him, honor him and keep him in sickness and in health; forsaking all others, keep yourself only to him, so long as you both shall live? Jennifer Littleton- I will Exchange of Rings Pastor Price- Though small in size, these rings are very large in significance. Made of precious metal, they remind us that love is not cheap nor easily found. Made in a circle, their design tells us that love must never come to an end; we must always keep it conti nuous. As you wear these rings, may they serve as constant reminders of the promises you are making today. Marriage VowsPastor Price- Rodney, take this ring and place it upon Jennifer’s hand and repeat after me. I, Rodney; Take you Jennifer; To be my lawfully wedded wife; To have and to hold; To love and to cherish; For better or for worse; Enduring prosperity and impoverishment; In sickness and in health; Through conflict and tranquility; From this day forward; Until death do us part. Pastor Price- Jennifer, take this ring and place it upon Rodney’s hand and repeat after me. I, Jennifer; Take you Rodney; To be my lawfully wedded wife; To have and to hold; To love and to cherish; For better or for worse;Enduring prosperity and impoverishment; In sickness and in health; Through conflict and tranquility; From this day forward; Until death do us part. Prayer Pastor Price- offers a prayer of strength and blessing over the couple’s marriage. Pronouncement of Marriage By the power vested in me I now pronounce you husband and wife. Kiss Rodney you may now kiss your bride. Parting Message May the grace of God , surround and strengthen you both so that you may live in faith, abound in hope and grow in love, both now and forevermore. What God has joined together this day, let no man break apart.

Tips to Make Learning German Easier

Tips to Make Learning German Easier The first time most of us come in touch with a foreign language or at least with the need to study it, is in school. But learning a language in school is like learning to swim in one of those Japanese public swimming pools. It is simply an artificial situation and all efforts to make learning a language in a group worth everyone’s while are pretty much bound to fail. They call it the conversational or interactive approach. But isn’t using a language always interactive? And is a classroom really the right place to practice a language? Wouldn’t it suffice to instruct learners on how to learn it own their own and how to find a way to put it to good use? Overhaul your Learning Techniques Most of us get by in school as our brains are learning and survival machines. But only rarely have I come across someone who has actually learned how to learn a language. We all still often rely on those techniques that we have acquired or developed on our own in those times because they simply worked well enough. And it is these learning strategies that you might still use to learn German nowadays. But with the difference that nowadays it is not to improve your grades or to make your parents proud, but to deal with a real live situation. There are but there are two elemental factors that make a significant difference when you are learning German. The Main Keys to Success in German Language Learning The first thing that I demand from every learner is that they will take an exam at the end of our cooperation. And although this goal is just part of their success, it sets a very clear direction, enables us to develop a structure for our actions and sets a measurable time limit to our efforts. Without a clear goal and structure, any language will simply be overwhelming. There are thousands of words to learn, the grammar, and German grammar, in particular, seems impenetrable. When we try to speak we feel like there’s goo coming out of our mouths.   Setting up an exam date right away  does wonders for your learning. The problem is that we usually have no idea how long it will take us to reach a certain level. And that’s why I always recommend†¦ Get a Guide You are not the first to learn another language and there have been many men and women pulling their hair out over the question of how we can learn a new language the most efficient way. Some pulled a bit stronger and came up with miraculous methods which very often claim to teach you a language with very little effort and/or in very little time. Needless to say, you’d better refer to your gesunder menschenverstand, your common sense, when you come across anything that seems too good to be true. Good teachers are among the most undervalued people in this world. If you find a good teacher, you have an invaluable companion by your side. She will fight off the wolves, pick up the pebbles and thorns from your barefoot path and get you to just go a few meters farther when you waver and doubt whether you can reach your goal which still seems so far away. She is your walking cane, the whistled tune on your lips and the umbrella when it rains.   Of course one could also learn German on one’s own with ones proven techniques but I can state that from my experience, learning German with a tutor and with a clear goal makes a big difference. You will still have a lot of work to do but you will suffer significantly less.

Racism in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now.

Racism in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. The book "Heart of Darkness" and the movie "Apocalypse Now" are two works dealing with deep issues of evil. (Beyond imperialism, because the evil of imperialism has a root. For example, crack the nut) They refer places boiling down to a discussion of racism. The Thames River as in any mythology is a source of life. At the end, Marlow comes upon Kurtz's Intended and said, "An object of the fecund". Also, these two works deal with how a man is surrounded by evil acts and evil minds to fight of the fire fueled by the society. They also talks about how a character is a racist, when that character clearly condemns his way of life by leaving the Congo, and confirms the ills of society by lying about them.Firstly, I think that the racism claims are overstated, in two ways. A) Conrad's racism, such as it is, is directed not at black people as a whole but rather as Africans.Le vapeur â€Å"Roi des Belges† dans le Haut-Congo ...I think the prejudice must be recognized as activism, or wh atever the proper term is, rather than as racism. B) Conrad is critical, not solely of Africans and their way of life, but also of European culture. He's just as anti-white as he is also anti-black. Additionally, I think that Conrad may be considered a racist if and only if you decide that the definition of racism is thinking your race is better, but I really don't think that he could be considered a white supremacist or that he really contained a deep hatred for Africans. In fact, I don't think that he was even that serious on his own race. It is because that overtime he describes the presence of the white imperialist or any white people in general, he describes them in a bitter,

M10 Organizational Change Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M10 Organizational Change Paper - Assignment Example Community coalition is particularly identified as crucial in garnering support for policies seeking to promote improved health and health behavioral changes among the community members. According to Smith, Johnson, Lamson and Sitaker (2006), the success of policies and environmental change initiatives driven by public health practitioners is influenced by several factors including community collaboration, sufficient support or endorsement by community leaders or decision makers and inclusion of actions or activities aimed at benefiting the community as a whole. On the other hand, realization of community collaboration and support is depended on several issues including development of trust, values and norms to guide the collaboration, and effective exploitation of existing social networks to establish impeccable social relationships (Smith, Johnson, Lamson & Sitaker, 2006). Public health practitioners must strive to work closely with the community members at the various levels in order to realize their roles in promoting and upholding improved community health. The need for community collaboration in the development and implementation of community policy has been demonstrated through attempts by the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) to address community health problems such as obesity and overweight through both community based and state policies. Evaluation of community-based health policies initiated by DOH among the Moses Lake and Mount Vernon communities reveals that there is need for enhanced community collaboration in the implementation of such policies (Smith, Johnson, Lamson & Sitaker, 2006). Minority communities such as Hispanics were significantly misrepresented in committees involved in the development and implementation of health policies affecting the communities. The community health group model is identified as crucial to public health practitioners because application of

Discussion in recession Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Discussion in recession - Coursework Example This is what recession basically is but it is a kind of chain reaction which affects everybody involved directly or indirectly. However, recession is the decreasing of currency in terms of value and buying power. Now let us see how recession can damage big and small businesses (Argument). When recession strikes, the owner of the business or the employer tends not to hire new employees to cut down the cost and increase the chances of keep earning some profit. In some cases the employers may stop hiring the employees at all (Kornai, 1994). The manufacturer will not try to do any improvements regarding buying new equipment and launching new products. By not taking these steps which shows downward progress of the company and the share price of that company in the stock market also falls (Evidence). When a large business is forced to reduce its cost on things like promoting new products, launching marketing campaigns and it directly reduces the business opportunities of the small business es like advertisers, marketing firms and owners of the printing presses. Hence, one decision of a businessman to keep running his business swallows the revenue generation chances of the smaller businesses. This is where recession becomes really devastating and catastrophic for both small and large businesses.. In this article, I believe that it has been seen that the recession is no good thing for business world and also for the employees and general public as their lifestyle is forced to change accordingly. Nonetheless, it supports and proves the point of view of those people and economists who believe that recession is harmful for the businesses. But some people are of the opinion that recession is not that harmful to the world. What makes them think like that is to be found in the next article which is written by Laurie Bassi and her coauthor. They on the contrary has presented a very opposite picture of recession.